The ubiquitous smartwatch and fitness tracker have become essential accessories for many, monitoring everything from our steps to our sleep. However, recent research has uncovered a potentially concerning issue: many of these devices’ wristbands contain “forever chemicals” known as PFAS, which could pose health risks to wearers.
The Rise of “Forever Chemicals” in Wearable Tech
A study from the University of Notre Dame, published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, has revealed that many popular smartwatch and fitness tracker bands contain significant levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), often called “forever chemicals.” These substances, prized for their ability to repel water, sweat, and oil, are commonly found in various consumer products, including non-stick cookware, food packaging, and even cosmetics.
What are PFAS?
PFAS are a group of synthetic chemicals that are exceptionally durable. Their strong carbon-fluorine bonds prevent them from breaking down naturally in the environment, earning them the moniker “forever chemicals”. These chemicals are used in a wide array of products due to their resistance to water, heat, and stains.
Why are they in Smartwatch Bands?
Many high-end smartwatch bands are made with fluoroelastomers, a synthetic rubber prized for its strength, flexibility, and resistance to sweat. This material is created using chains of PFAS. While this makes the bands ideal for everyday wear and workouts, it also introduces a potential route for these chemicals to come into direct contact with the skin.
The Study’s Findings: High Levels of PFHxA
The Notre Dame study tested 22 watch bands from various brands and price points. Researchers found that nine of the bands had elevated levels of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), a specific type of PFAS. Alarmingly, some samples showed PFHxA concentrations exceeding 16,000 parts per billion (ppb). For comparison, a previous study found a median PFAS concentration of just 200 ppb in cosmetics. This discovery highlights the potential for much greater exposure from these wristbands compared to other everyday items.
PFHxA and Its Potential Health Risks
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified PFHxA as a substance that likely causes developmental, blood cell, liver, and hormone harm. Separate research indicates that PFAS can be absorbed through the skin and enter the bloodstream. Given that many people wear smartwatches and fitness trackers daily for extended periods, the potential health implications are significant.
Higher Price, Higher Risk?
Interestingly, the study found that higher-priced watchbands, those costing over $15 and especially those above $30, were more likely to contain elevated levels of PFHxA. Bands made with fluoroelastomers, were found to have significantly higher levels of PFAS compared to cheaper silicone bands. This means that premium bands, designed for durability and performance, may pose a greater exposure risk compared to more affordable alternatives.
Health Concerns and Potential Risks
The presence of PFAS in smartwatch bands raises several health concerns. These chemicals have been linked to a range of health issues, including:
- Immune system suppression: PFAS exposure can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections.
- Cancer: Studies have linked PFAS exposure to an increased risk of certain cancers, such as kidney and testicular cancer.
- Hormonal disruption: PFAS can interfere with the endocrine system, potentially leading to hormonal imbalances and related health issues.
- Developmental issues: PFAS exposure during pregnancy has been associated with developmental delays in children and low birth weight.
- Reduced vaccine effectiveness: Exposure to PFAS may reduce the effectiveness of vaccines.
- Liver and thyroid disorders: Research has indicated a link between PFAS and liver and thyroid problems.
- Fertility issues: PFAS have also been linked to fertility problems.
Skin Absorption
A particularly concerning aspect is the possibility of PFAS absorption through the skin. The study’s findings suggest that prolonged contact with these chemicals, especially when the skin is sweating or pores are open, could lead to significant exposure. A 2024 study published in Environment International confirmed that PFAS could pass through the skin and enter the bloodstream. People who wear these devices for many hours daily may therefore be at a higher risk of exposure.
What Can You Do?
While the findings of the recent study are concerning, there are steps you can take to reduce your potential exposure to PFAS from smartwatch and fitness tracker bands.
Choose Silicone Bands
Researchers recommend opting for silicone bands instead of those made with fluoroelastomers. The study found that silicone bands had little to no detectable PFAS. Silicone bands are also considered more breathable than other materials.
Read Product Descriptions Carefully
When shopping for new bands, pay close attention to product labels and descriptions. Avoid bands made with fluoroelastomers, as these are more likely to contain PFAS.
Limit Wear Time
Consider limiting the amount of time you wear your smartwatch or fitness tracker. Taking breaks during sleep or long periods of inactivity can reduce the length of time your skin is in contact with the band.
Maintain Good Hygiene
Regularly cleaning your watch band with mild soap and water can help remove sweat, dirt, and other irritants that may accumulate and exacerbate skin issues. Ensure the band is completely dry before wearing it again.
Consider Alternative Materials
If you have sensitive skin, consider using watchbands made from materials such as fabric, nylon, or leather, which may be less likely to cause irritation.
Push for Safer Alternatives
Consumers should also push for safer alternatives and demand more transparency from manufacturers about the materials used in their products. Governments must take stronger action to regulate and ensure the safety of chemicals used in popular products.
Other Potential Skin Irritation Causes
It’s worth noting that skin irritation from wearable devices isn’t always due to chemical exposure. Other factors can also cause rashes and discomfort, including:
- Tightness: Wearing a band too tightly can cause friction, leading to irritation. Ensure the band fits comfortably and is not too snug.
- Trapped Moisture: Sweat, dirt, and body lotions can become trapped under the band, creating a breeding ground for bacteria and causing irritation.
- Allergies: Some individuals may develop allergic reactions to certain materials used in watch bands, such as nickel, acrylates, and methacrylates.
- Poor ventilation: When a watch is too tight it restricts airflow, preventing proper ventilation.
The Response from Manufacturers
While the study did not disclose specific brands that tested positive for PFAS, it did note that bands from major manufacturers were included in the testing. Some companies, including Apple, have stated that they are committed to phasing out PFAS from their products and manufacturing processes and also that they have threshold limits for the presence of these substances in their products. Google also states that their “Pixel Watch bands meet industry standards with regard to PFAS.”
However, many manufacturers often tout the safety of PFAS in their products, while little public information is readily available about their safety. This lack of transparency creates doubts about whether companies are fully upfront about the risks associated with these chemicals.
Conclusion: Staying Informed and Making Safe Choices
The discovery of PFAS in smartwatch and fitness tracker bands highlights a need for greater awareness and transparency regarding the materials used in consumer products. While these devices offer numerous benefits, it’s important to be aware of the potential risks associated with prolonged exposure to “forever chemicals.” By making informed choices about the types of bands we use, maintaining good hygiene, and advocating for safer alternatives, we can minimize our exposure and ensure that our pursuit of health doesn’t come at a hidden cost.